Ventilation and airflow systems
WHO recommends an airflow of at least 60 liters per second per patient in naturally ventilated rooms, which can be achieved through well-placed windows and vents. (Note: 80 – 160 l/s/patient is required for airborne precautions).
WHO, 2021
Figure 3
Operable glass louvers combined with insect screening can be used to promote natural ventilation and passive cooling.
Planning considerations
Climate adaptation Consider temperature and humidity control, especially in regions with extreme heat or high moisture levels.
Energy efficiency Assess the ability to use low-emission materials and renewable energy sources to reduce carbon footprints and operational costs.
Hybrid ventilation systems Plan to prioritize natural ventilation (e.g., windows, vents) when possible while integrating mechanical systems (e.g., isolation rooms).
Design and delivery
Natural ventilation Windows should ideally have adjustable openings and be protected with insect screens to prevent vector-borne disease transmission.
Courtyards The use of internal courtyards in building designs can be used to stimulate passive airflow.
Isolation Include systems that can create negative airflow (negative pressure if possible) rooms to isolate infectious patients and prevent disease transmission.