Reliable access to water
In 2021, over 2 billion people lived in water-stressed countries, which is expected to be exacerbated in some regions as a result of climate change and population growth. Some 1 million people are estimated to die each year from diarrhea as a result of unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hand hygiene.
- WHO, 2023
Solar hot water heating
Solar hot water heating
Sewage treatment onsite
Figure 6
Sustainable water solutions.
Planning considerations:
Local climate conditions Consider factors like droughts and floods in water infrastructure planning.
Reliable water sources Consider water sources like boreholes, recycled water, and municipal supply. Recycled water options, such as A/C condensate capture or rainwater harvesting, reduce freshwater demand but often require energy-intensive processes like pumping and treatment.
Water treatment Plan for backup water filtration systems in case local sources become contaminated.
Power sources for pumps Evaluate options such as solar, grid electricity, and manual pumps to ensure reliable operations. In regions with unreliable electricity grids, prioritize solar-powered water pumps.
Redundancy Use storage tanks or multiple water sources to ensure a continuous supply during shortages.
Design and delivery:
Water treatment Use energy-efficient, low-waste solutions like reverse osmosis with efficient membranes, UV purification to kill bacteria without chemicals, and carbon filters. In areas with limited electricity, consider gravity-fed filtration systems that do not require power.
Develop robust drainage systems Manage heavy rains, prevent waterlogging, and reduce contamination risks.
Water tank placement Ensure tanks are strategically located to maximize available space, provide easy access for maintenance, and refilling and avoid contamination.