A systems approach emphasizes strengthening of the interconnected elements of PHC systems to ensure they are prepared for epidemics, able to withstand the impacts of climate change, and capable of providing quality care over time. It involves understanding the essential services, their locations, and how each element contributes to the facility’s overall function.

Effective layout and design ensures optimal patient flow, efficiency, and adaptability during health emergencies and climate-related shocks. Additionally, this approach prioritizes sustainability in design, development, and routine operations to minimize impacts on local ecosystems and PHC systems’ overall carbon footprint.

Key considerations include the strategic placement of patient care areas, sanitation facilities, ventilation systems, water supply, and energy efficiency or clean energy solutions. A well-designed facility enables flexible, resilient infrastructure that can adapt to both routine healthcare needs and urgent crises, ensuring uninterrupted delivery of essential services.